CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF FECES (STOOL) Occult Blood:- 1. Name of the test 2. Principle 3. Requirement 4. Specimen 5. Procedure 6. Observation Name of the test:- Benzidine test Principle: – Peroxidase type action of hemoglobin in the blood (present in…
PHYSICAL Examination of stool Physical examination by visual Observation for the following aspect. 1. Volume 2. Odor 3. Consistency 4. Mucous 5. Blood 6. PH Volume:- 150gm to 260gt Odor:- the normal unpleasant smell associated with stool is a result…
Stool examination Stool examination in three ways. 1. Physical examination 2. Chemical examination 3. Microscopic examination Introduction:- The stool is an important specimen for the diagnosis of disease of GIT. Eg:- diarrhea, dysentery, parasitic infection GIT Bleeding … The presence…
Microscopic examination of urine It is studied in the following steps: – 1. Introduction 2. Principle 3. Requirement 4. Instrument 5. Specimen 6. Procedure 7. Observation under a microscope Introduction of Microscopic examination of urine:- The microscopic examination is…
Ion exchange chromatography ion exchange chromatography In this type of chromatography the stationary phase used is an ion-exchange chromatography resin for separation of constituents based on the number and types of charges present on the column as shown below– Ion-exchanges…
Size exclusion Chromatography (also known as gel filtration Chromatography)
Adsorption Chromatography Adsorption chromatography is a separation technique based on the differential adsorption of components in a mixture onto a stationary phase. Here are some detailed notes on adsorption chromatography: Principle:- Adsorption chromatography relies on the affinity of analytes in…
Chromatography Introduction: – Chromo – color Graphy – writing Tswett was the first to use the chromatography technique. It is a Russian scientist. it describes the separation of color plant pigment he used a column of Aluminium. Yellow – xanthophyll…
Capillary Electrophoresis: – Introduction Principle Component procedure Advantages Introduction: – Capillary electrophoresis is a technique used in analytical chemistry to separate ions based on their electrophoretic mobility in a buffer-filled capillary under the influence of an electric field. It’s widely…
Electrophoresis:- Introduction Principle Requirement Procedure Types 1. Electrophoresis: – The term electrophoresis describes the migration of change particles under the influence of an electric field. 2. Principle: – Many important biological molecules such as amino acids, peptides, proteonucleotides and nucleic…